SECTION II: Faculty Composition and Tenure Attainment Faculty
Composition Despite these gains, a significant gender gap still persists in the tenured and tenure track faculty ranks. Women occupy just over a quarter of all positions: one-third of assistant and associate professorships and one sixth of full professorships (Chart 62). Women of color hold 6% of all tenure and tenure track positions: 12% of assistant professorships, 7% of associate professorships, and 2% of full professorships (Chart 63). The proportion of women full professors nearly doubled (from 9% to 17%) between 1990 and 2001, and the proportion of associate professors increased by 11% (from 23% to 34%). However, the proportion of women assistant professors stood at 30% in 1990, rose to 36% in 1995, and then decreased to 34% in 2001 (Chart 62). In general, since 1980, the proportion of women assistant professors at the University of Michigan has hovered around one-third (Chart 61). Between 1990 and 2001, the University experienced a 37% increase (from 509 to 699) in the total number of lecturer positions held by men and women. During this time period, there was also a 10% increase in the proportion of women lecturers at the University (Chart 62). Despite having relatively equal numbers of male and female lecturers in 1990, the number of female lecturers increased by 65% (from 240 to 395) between 1990 and 2001 compared to a 13% increase (from 269 to 304) in the number of male lectures over the same period. Women now hold 57% of all lecturer positions, compared to 26% of all tenure track positions. Women of color hold 13% of all lecturer positions, compared with 6% of tenured and tenure track positions (Chart 63). The
increase in lecturers is particularly evident in the College of
Literature, Science and the Arts, where lecturers constituted one
fifth of the faculty in 1990, but grew to nearly one-third of the
faculty by the year 2001 (Chart 79). Between 1990
and 2001, the percentage of female lecturers in the College of Literature,
Science and the Arts grew from 50% to 57%. The percentage of women
lecturers at the Medical School also rose significantly, increasing
from 31% to 48% The schools of Dentistry, Law and Medicine (Charts 73, 78 and 80), have experienced large increases in the number of Clinical II positions over the last decade. Within the Medical School, the number of Clinical II positions rose seven-fold between 1990 and 2001. Clinical II faculty, 46% of whom are women, now represent one-third of all Medical School faculty (Chart 80). Campus-wide, 45% of all Clinical II positions are held by women: Caucasian women hold 37% and women of color hold 8% (Chart 60). Within the primary research track, women represent 36% of all positions: Caucasian women account for 29% and women of color, 7%. Among archivists, curators and librarians, Caucasian women make up 56% of all staff, while women of color represent 8% (Charts 60 and 68). <<
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New Hires While the percentage of women hired into tenure track positions has fluctuated from a high of 43% in 1995, to a low of 30% in 1996, the average rate has remained in the range of one-third since 1994. The percentage of women of color hired as tenure track faculty has also fluctuated, from a high of 16% in 1999 to a low of 9% in 1996 and again in 2000. Overall, women of color represent 12% of the tenure track faculty hired since 1994 (Chart 64). <<
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Attainment For the combined cohorts, hired between 1982 and June 1988 and between July 1988 and 1995, the rate of tenure was 47% for women and 51% for men (Chart 144). In numerical terms, more than twice as many men as women received tenure (1048 vs. 453, respectively). Women of color hired as assistant professors attained tenure at a rate of 45% as compared to 50% for men of color (Chart 145). In the College of Literature, Science and the Arts, women had a slightly better attainment rate than men (54% vs. 52%), though fewer women received tenure (Chart 146). At the Medical School, women hired as assistant professors between 1982 and 1995 achieved tenure at the same rate as men (54%), although four times as many men were tenured (Chart 147). Conversely, there was a large gender gap in the attainment rates and actual numbers of faculty hired into the Medical School as instructors (Chart 148). For the combined cohorts, male instructors achieved tenure at a rate twice that of their female colleagues (34% vs. 16%, respectively). It is important to note, however, that the rank of instructor was phased out in the mid-1990s. In the later cohort analysis (those hired between 1988 and 1995), women campus-wide received tenure at a rate equal to men (50%) (Chart 154). However, women made up only 33% of the cohort, and so, numerically, more than twice as many men than women attained tenure. For this cohort, the tenure attainment rate was 47% for women of color and 49% for men of color, a statistically insignificant difference (Chart 155). In the College of Literature, Science and the Arts, women achieved tenure at a higher rate than men (54% vs. 46%), and the gap between the numbers of women and men receiving tenure narrowed as compared to the earlier cohort hired between 1982 and 1988 (Chart 156). At the Medical School, women hired as assistant professors achieved tenure at a slightly higher rate than men (54% vs. 53%), though the ratio of men to women receiving tenure was still more than 3:1 (Chart 157). Among faculty hired into the Medical School as instructors, there was a 28% difference exists between the rate at which men received tenure (47%) and the rate at which women received tenure (19%), although it must be noted that the number of instructors in this cohort is small because the rank was being phased out (Chart 158). Although tenure attainment rates tend to fluctuate from year to year (Chart 141), on the whole, women’s tenure attainment has improved over the past two decades. However, due to the larger numbers of men in each cohort, the number of tenured men, both Caucasian and men of color, continues to be significantly higher than the number of tenured Caucasian women and women of color. << back to top >> (The following charts are PDF's. If you do not already have Acrobat Reader installed, you can download it for free from Adobe.) Chart 60 Percentage of Women and Men Among Instructional and Other Faculty, 2001 Chart 61 A Comparison of Percentage of Women Faculty at UM--Ann Arbor Tenured and Tenure Track Ranks, 1980 Through 2001 Chart 62 Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 63 Percentage of Women of Color in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 64 Women as a Percentage of Tenured Faculty New Hires Chart 65 College of Literature, Science and Arts, Women as a Percentage of Tenured Faculty New Hires Chart 66 Medical School, Women as a Percentage of Tenured Faculty New Hires Chart 67 Professorships by Type, Race, and Gender and Compared to the Composition of the Faculty Chart 68 Percentage of Women in the Primary Research Faculty 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 69 Percentage of Women in the Archivist, Curator, and Librarian Faculty 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 70 A. Alfred Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 71 School of Art & Design, Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 72 School of Business Administration, Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 73 School of Dentistry, Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 74 School of Education, Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 75 College of Engineering, Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 76 School of Information, Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 77 Division of Kinesiology, Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 78 Law School, Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 79 College of Literature, Science, and The Arts, Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 80 Medical School, Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 81 School of Music, Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 82 School of Natural Resources and Environment, Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 83 School of Nursing, Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 84 College of Pharmacy, Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 85 School of Public Health Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 86 Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 87 School of Social Work Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 88 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Comparison of Humanities, Natural Science and Social Science Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 2001 Chart 89 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Division of Humanities Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 90 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Division of Natural Sciences Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 91 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Division of Social Sciences Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 92 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Other Units * Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 93 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of Anthropology Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 94 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of Asian Languages and Cultures Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 95 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of Astronomy Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 96 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of Biology Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 97 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of Chemistry Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 98 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of Classical Studies Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 99 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of Communication Studies Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 100 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of Economics Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 101 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of English Languages and Literature Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 102 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of Geological Sciences Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 103 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of Germanic Languages Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 104 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of History Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 105 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of History of Art Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 106 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Program in Linguistics Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 107 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of Mathematics Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 108 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of Near Eastern Studies Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 109 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of Philosophy Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 110 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of Physics Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 111 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of Political Science Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 112 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of Psychology Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 113 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of Romance Languages and Literatures Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 114 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 115 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of Sociology Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 116 College of Literature, Science, and Arts Department of Statistics Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 117 Medical School Comparison Between Basic Science, Clinical Science and Other Units Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 2001 Chart 118 Medical School Department of Anesthesiology Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 119 Medical School Department of Biological Chemistry Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 120 Medical School Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 121 Medical School Department of Dermatology Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 122 Medical School Department of Emergency Medicine Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 123 Medical School Department of Family Medicine Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 124 Medical School Department of Human Genetics Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 125 Medical School Department of Internal Medicine Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 126 Medical School Laboratory Animal Medicine Unit Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 127 Medical School Department of Medical Education Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 128 Medical School Medical School Administration Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 129 Medical School Department of Microbiology and Immunology Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 130 Medical School Department of Neurology Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 131 Medical School Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 132 Medical School Department of Ophthalmology Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 133 Medical School Department of Otorhinolaryngology Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 134 Medical School Department of Pathology Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 135 Medical School Department of Pediatrics Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 136 Medical School Department of Pharmacology Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 137 Medical School Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 138 Medical School Department of Physiology* Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 139 Medical School Department of Psychiatry Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 140 Medical School Department of Radiation Oncology Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 141 Medical School Department of Radiology Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 142 Medical School Department of Surgery Percentage of Women in the Regular Instructional Faculty Tenured and Tenure Track; Clinical IIs; Lecturers 1990, 1995 and 2001 Chart 143 Trendline Comparison of Tenure Attainment by Gender For Faculty Hired as Assistant Professors Between July 1982 and June 1995 Chart 144 An Analysis of Tenure Status Attained by the Members of the Cohort of Faculty Hired as Assistant Professors between July 1, 1982 and June 30, 1995 Chart 145 An Analysis of Tenure Status Attained by the Members of the Cohort of Faculty of Color Hired as Assistant Professors between July 1, 1982 and June 30, 1995 Chart 146 An Analysis of Tenure Status Attained by the Members of the Cohort of Faculty Hired as Instructors and Assistant Professors in the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts between July 1, 1982 and June 30, 1995 Chart 147 An Analysis of Tenure Status Attained by the Members of the Cohort of Faculty Hired as Assistant Professors in the Medical School between July 1, 1982 and June 30, 1995 Chart 148 An Analysis of Tenure Status Attained by the Members of the Cohort of Faculty Hired as Instructors in the Medical School between July 1, 1982 and June 30, 1995 Chart 149 An Analysis of Tenure Status Attained by the Members of the Cohort of Faculty Hired as Assistant Professors between July 1, 1982 and June 30, 1988 Chart 150 An Analysis of Tenure Status Attained by the Members of the Cohort of Faculty of Color Hired as Assistant Professors between July 1, 1982 and June 30, 1988 Chart 151 An Analysis of Tenure Status Attained by the Members of the Cohort of Faculty Hired as Instructors and Assistant Professors in the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts between July 1, 1982 and June 30, 1988 Chart 152 An Analysis of Tenure Status Attained by the Members of the Cohort of Faculty Hired as Assistant Professors in the Medical School between July 1, 1982 and June 30, 1988 Chart 153 An Analysis of Tenure Status Attained by the Members of the Cohort of Faculty Hired as Instructors in the Medical School between July 1, 1982 and June 30, 1988 Chart 154 An Analysis of Tenure Status Attained by the Members of the Cohort of Faculty Hired as Assistant Professors between July 1, 1988 and June 30, 1995 Chart 155 An Analysis of Tenure Status Attained by the Members of the Cohort of Faculty of Color Hired as Assistant Professors between July 1, 1988 and June 30, 1995 Chart 156 An Analysis of Tenure Status Attained by the Members of the Cohort of Faculty Hired as Instructors and Assistant Professors in the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts between July 1, 1988 and June 30, 1995 Chart 157 An Analysis of Tenure Status Attained by the Members of the Cohort of Faculty Hired as Assistant Professors in the Medical School between July 1, 1988 and June 30, 1995 Chart 158 An Analysis of Tenure Status Attained by the Members of the Cohort of Faculty Hired as Instructors in the Medical School between July 1, 1988 and June 30, 1995 << back to top >> |